Poliomyelitis Treatment

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) occurs as a result of some Staphylococcus (staph) infections. It produces discolored and blistered patches of skin that slough off. These patches can resemble a burn. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS), also known as Ritter's disease, often begins with fever and flushing of the skin, which advances to the formation of easily ruptured blisters. The top layer of skin may start to peel, leaving behind discolored, moist skin. SSSS is most common in infants and children, but it can affect adults who have advanced renal disease or a compromised immune system. This article explores SSSS in more detail, including the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and possible complications. It also looks at how to prevent and treat the condition. SSSS develops as the result of a toxin that the staphylococcal bacteria produce. It causes fever and flu-like symptoms, along with flushing of the skin and the development of blisters. The top layer of skin will ...

Last Friday, Lakshmi Ganapathi's son turned 5, and finally became eligible for his first Pfizer COVID shot. Ganapathi's family had been anticipating that moment for more than a year, yet as of late, she can't help but feel the slightest bit deflated. At first, the COVID vaccines' trickle down the age brackets felt worth the wait because the shots were doing such a stellar job at blocking symptoms. The clinical trials kept delivering knockout results: 94 percent efficacy, 95 percent efficacy, 100 percent efficacy, 91 percent efficacy—a near-perfect performance in every tested group from adults to elementary-school-age kids. Then Omicron swept in, slipping around the vaccines' shields. Researchers studying Pfizer's vaccine, the only shot available for American kids, began to report drops in protection, especially in children under 12, who receive a lower dose and haven't yet been told to boost. Moderna, which reportedly plans to seek FDA clearance for its own ...

C ertain E. coli  strains can engage in a form of bacterial warfare by producing colibactin, a chemical that can awaken long-dormant viruses inside neighboring cells' DNA, sometimes resulting in their destruction, according to a new study published February 23 in Nature.  "It's an interesting strategy, and it's also a dangerous strategy," Heather Hendrickson, an evolutionary microbiologist at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand, who was not involved in the work, tells Science News .    Throughout a bacterium's life, bacteriophages—viruses that infect bacteria—insert their DNA into its genome. Typically, these embedded viruses, known as prophages, are harmless and lie dormant unless something triggers their escape. The study reports that E. coli can release colibactin, which damages neighbors' DNA, triggering the bacteria's DNA repair system, known as an SOS response. This releases prophage DNA ...

As COVID-19 vaccines continue to be deployed worldwide, countries are now planning to vaccinate their pediatric populations as well. However, several vaccine-related adverse events, including myocarditis, have been reported. Although the incidence of myocarditis after BNT162b2 vaccination is low, it is higher, particularly after receiving the second dose, among young male recipients. A 13-year-old male adolescent presented with chest pain after the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccination. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and blood examinations were consistent with myocarditis. He was treated conservatively because his symptoms were relatively mild. In Japan, it is expected that the chances of diagnosing vaccine-related myocarditis will increase as more children are getting vaccinated. Our case report raises concerns to physicians that the COVID-19 vaccination may cause rare cases of myocarditis, which must always be considered as a differenti...

More than 140 million Americans have had the coronavirus, according to estimates from blood tests that reveal antibodies from infection — about double the rate regularly cited by national case counts. The data goes through late January, when the omicron variant of the coronavirus was causing more than 500,000 cases a day, meaning the number of Americans now infected is considerably higher. The data comes from 72,000 blood samples taken in January. The highly infectious variant has caused case counts to skyrocket. As of late November, just before the omicron variant began spreading in the United States, the blood test study estimated that 103 million people had been infected. By that measure, 37 million new people caught the virus over two months ending in late January. Every two weeks, the CDC gathers tens of thousands of blood tests analyzed by commercial labs nationwide for reasons unrelated to the coronavirus, such as checkups or other medical treatment. Those samples are also teste...

(Precision Vaccinations) Pancreatic cancer is notoriously difficult to cure or even treat. Now, a new strategy devised by scientists at New York-based Albert Einstein College of Medicine has succeeded in making pancreatic tumors visible to the immune systems of mice and vulnerable to immune attack, reducing cancer metastases by 87%. Published by SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE on March 23, 2022, these researchers wrote, 'immunotherapy has been of little use at treating highly aggressive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) due to its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.' 'Here, Selvanesan et al. solicited the help of Listeria monocytogenes to deliver highly immunogenic tetanus toxoid proteins directly into tumor cells.' 'This delivery elicits an immune response, activating tetanus toxoid–specific memory T cells to kill tumor cells in mice.'  'When combined with gemcitabine, advanced PDAC tumor burden and metastases were further reduce...

This is a case of a 32-year-old woman who presented with melena, fever, and right upper quadrant pain, was diagnosed with enteric fever with gastric ulcer bleeding, and treated with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitor. Gastrointestinal bleeding has been reported in 10% of enteric fever patients [5]. However, most of the gastrointestinal bleedings with enteric fever reported in the literature were related to small intestine or colonic lesions. In one study, analyzing the endoscopic findings in patients with enteric fever and gastrointestinal bleeding, the most commonly affected site was the terminal ileum, followed by the ileocecal valve, ascending colon, and transverse colon. Multiple variable-sized punched-out ulcers with slightly elevated margins were representative endoscopic findings [8]. Although there are many studies on lower gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with enteric fever, upper gastrointestinal bleeding has rarely been reported in patients with enteric fever. There ...

On February 25, 2022, this report was posted online as an MMWR Early Release. Julia M. Baker, PhD 1 ,2, *; Jasmine Y. Nakayama, PhD 1 ,2, *; Michelle O'Hegarty, PhD 1 ; Andrea McGowan, MPH 1 ,3 ; Richard A. Teran, PhD 2 ,4 ; Stephen M. Bart, PhD 2 ,5 ; Katie Mosack, PhD 6 ; Nicole Roberts, MPHTM 7 ; Brooke Campos 7 ; Alina Paegle 7 ; John McGee 7 ; Robert Herrera 7 ; Kayla English, MPH 4 ; Carla Barrios 4 ,8 ; Alexandria Davis, MD 4 ; Christine Roloff, MS 4 ; Lynn E. Sosa, MD 5 ; Jessica Brockmeyer, MPH 5 ; Lindsey Page, MPH 6 ; Amy Bauer 6 ; Joshua J. Weiner, MS 6 ; Manjeet Khubbar, MSc 6 ; Sanjib Bhattacharyya, PhD 6 ; Hannah L. Kirking, MD 1 ; Jacqueline E. Tate, PhD 1 (View author affiliations) View suggested citation Summary What is already known about this topic? The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant contributed to a surge of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United States during December 2021–January 2022. What is added by this report? In a study of household tran...