Poliomyelitis Treatment

A Yale School of Medicine research team led by Akiko Iwasaki, PhD, recently found that local vaccines administered with a nasal spray were more effective in protecting mice against influenza than vaccines that are injected into the muscle, the way standard flu shots are done. Iwasaki, who is Waldemar Von Zedtwitz Professor of Immunobiology and professor of molecular, cellular, and developmental biology and of epidemiology (microbial diseases), discusses her new research, which was published December 10 in Science Immunology . People have been getting flu shots for 40 years or more, and more recently COVID-19 vaccinations, but your research suggests that a nasal vaccine may be a more effective approach to stopping respiratory virus. What did you find? Akiko Iwasaki: We found that local mucosal immunity that's established by intranasal vaccination elicits a much more robust and cross reactive, cross protective immunity than a conventional vaccine that uses intramuscular injection. A...

Q: A new drug-resistant fungal infection has resulted in the death of two patients at AIIMS, Delhi. There are reports of newer varieties of fungi as well as known varieties such as Candida Auris and Candida Haemulonii becoming resistant to drugs. What is causing this? A. Hospital-acquired fungal infections, particularly the drug-resistant forms, may be caused predominantly by the indiscriminate use of drugs that act against some selective fungi (narrow spectrum). Fungi are inherently equipped to resist drug action. This phenomenon is called drug resistance. Now there are emerging infections that are resistant to multiple drugs from a very small kitty of options. Yet another factor for the rise of resistant forms of infections is the choice between a drug that simply stops the growth of fungi versus a drug that kills the fungi. These drugs are called fungistatic and fungicidal, respectively. Amphotericin B which has been in use for more than 60 years and is the gold standard drug — it...

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Psoriasis is an autoimmune skin disease that develops when an overactive immune system speeds up skin cell growth. It leads to inflammation and a buildup of skin cells. Psoriasis causes red and scaly patches of skin, most commonly on the elbows, knees, and scalp. In rare cases, psoriasis can affect the tongue and mouth. This type of psoriasis is known as oral psoriasis. Martin Barraud / Getty Images Symptoms  Symptoms that appear in a case of oral psoriasis can include:   Small, round lesions (areas of abnormal tissue) that are gray to yellowish-white in color Circular, white, and elevated patches or lesions on the moist membrane of the inside of the mouth, such as the inside of the cheeks and the gums Extreme redness of the skin inside the mouth accompanied by red, scaly patches Geographic tongue—red, bald spots of skin that are surrounded by an irregular white border Fissured tongue—deep or shallow grooves on the top...

Role of Fluconazole in Superficial Fungal Infections Superficial fungal infection is a worldwide health problem affecting more than 25% of the population. (1),(2) Moreover in India, the problem is rampant with a significant increase in the incidence of chronic, relapsing, and recurrent cases of superficial dermatophytosis. (3) Nearly 15– 20% of the outpatient department cases of dermatology are those of chronic dermatophytosis. (3) Irrational combination creams and fixed-dose combinations containing potent corticosteroids and inadequate duration of treatment are crucial factors that have led to the emergence of this epidemic. (3),(4) Systemic antifungals play a pivotal role in dealing with this epidemic which is on the rise. (3) Increasing non-responsiveness to therapy and the high cost of antifungals are two major issues in the management of fungal infections. (3) Fluconazole has been used to treat superficial fungal infections for a long time, with a good safety profile, and remains...

Following a viral infection, such as Covid, there is a chance that the lungs may swell. Known as pneumonia, the symptoms of the condition can suddenly emerge within a 48-hour period. Experts at the NHS pointed out that pneumonia can lead to a phlegm-producing cough. Expect to see either thick yellow, green, brown or blood-stained mucus when you cough. Breathing can become more laboured, which may be described as "rapid and shallow"; breathlessness might also occur during rest. Other signs might include: a rapid heartbeat; a high temperature; feeling generally unwell; sweating and shivering; and a loss of appetite. Chest pain might also develop, which tends to get worse when breathing or coughing. Less common symptoms may include: headaches, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, wheezing, joint and muscle pain, as well as confusion and disorientation. READ MORE: Diabetes: Three recurrent infections when you have high blood sugar - symptoms People experiencing signs of pneumonia ...

JERSEY CITY, N.J., Dec. 01, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- SCYNEXIS, Inc. (NASDAQ: SCYX), a biotechnology company pioneering innovative medicines to overcome and prevent difficult-to-treat and drug-resistant infections, today announced that BREXAFEMME ® (ibrexafungerp tablets) has been named as a Popular Science 2021 "Best of What's New" award winner in the Health category. "2021 has been an action-packed year of innovation in health care, and we are honored that BREXAFEMME has been recognized alongside major disruptive innovations like the COVID-19 vaccines, a new treatment for Ebola, and other therapies and devices that are improving global health," said Marco Taglietti, M.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of SCYNEXIS. "BREXAFEMME represents the first new antifungal class approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in more than 20 years and the first new treatment approved for vaginal yeast infections in more than 25 years. It is a novel one-day...

People queue at a popup COVID-19 testing site in New York, U.S., December 3, 2021. REUTERS/Jeenah Moon Register now for FREE unlimited access to Reuters.com Register NEW YORK, Dec 3 (Reuters) - The Omicron variant of the virus that causes COVID-19 likely acquired at least one of its mutations by picking up a snippet of genetic material from another virus - possibly one that causes the common cold - present in the same infected cells, according to researchers. This genetic sequence does not appear in any earlier versions of the coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, but is ubiquitous in many other viruses including those that cause the common cold, and also in the human genome, researchers said. By inserting this particular snippet into itself, Omicron might be making itself look "more human," which would help it evade attack by the human immune system, said Venky Soundararajan of Cambridge, Massachusetts-based data analytics firm nference, who led the study posted on Thursday on the...

Editor's Note: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) can affect anyone with a vagina, but for this article, we included sources who generally referred to these people as women. As you may know, the vagina naturally houses different types of bacteria. When that balance and the vaginal ecosystem get thrown off or altered, issues can occur. Such is the case with a vaginal infection called bacterial vaginosis (BV), which, according to the CDC, is considered the most common vaginal condition in women age 15-44. As Jonathan Schaffir, MD, a board-certified ob-gyn at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, explained, BV is considered an imbalance of bacteria in the vagina. The hallmarks of BV typically include thin, white-to-gray discharge with a "fishy" odor. Dr. Schaffir noted that the bacteria that can cause symptoms of BV may be in the vagina normally, but the "good bacteria" in the vagina usually suppress this "bad bacteria" and help prevent it from g...

[unable to retrieve full-text content] National Institutes of Health funds Tuberculosis vaccine research at TTUHSC El Paso    KTSM 9 News

Consider key elements of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection to help patients manage this broad range of diseases. The terms skin and skin structure infection and skin and soft tissue infection encompass a broad spectrum of diseases affecting skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue, fascia, or muscle that can range in severity from mild to life threatening. 1,2 Clinical trials using this terminology leave some ambiguity in interpretation because of the use of heterogeneous, broad inclusion criteria attributed to a lack of standardized nomenclature and monitoring parameters. 1,3 To provide consistency in the identification of infections for which a treatment effect can be reliably estimated, in October 2013 the FDA released a guidance document that introduced the term acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and defined quantifiable efficacy end points. 1,3,4 DIAGNOSIS ABSSSI include cellulitis/erysipelas, wound infections, and major cutaneous absces...

New research has moved a step closer to harnessing viruses to fight bacterial infection, reducing the threat of antibiotic resistance. A growing number of infections, including pneumonia, tuberculosis, gonorrhoea, and salmonellosis, are developing antibiotic resistance, which means they becoming harder to treat, resulting in higher death rates, longer hospital stays and higher costs. Phage therapy is the concept of using viruses (known as phage) that are harmless to humans to kill bacteria. Phage therapy can be used in combination with antibiotics to cure infections more effectively, and reduce the opportunity for bacteria to develop antibiotic resistance. However, bacteria can also evolve resistance to phages. The new study by the University of Exeter, published in Cell Host Microbe , has cast new light on how to best combine antibiotics and phage therapy. Researchers conducted laboratory experiments on Pseudomonas aeruginosa a bacterium which causes disease in immunocompromise...

India must clamp down on rampant and unauthorised consumption of antibiotics to avert another potential deadly pandemic resulting from antimicrobial resistance. Misuse of antibiotics without confirming bacterial infection will not only weaken the fight against Covid-19, but could also trigger the next pandemic, warns Satish Ranjan, molecular immunologist based in Germany. Hospital-acquired infections An ICMR study carried out during June-August 2020, showed that many Covid-19 patients had developed secondary bacterial or fungal infections during hospitalisation. Almost 56 per cent of them had died due to these secondary infections, says Dr Ranjan. The study also found that most of these secondary infections were of nosocomial origin (acquired during hospitalisation) and that, too, with highly drug-resistant pathogens. This goes to highlight the poor infection control practices in India and irrational antibiotic prescription practices. Stop excessive use Over-the-counter sales without m...

The armpit, or axilla, is prone to certain types of rashes. That's because of the characteristics of the skin there. Armpit skin tends to be thinner than skin in other locations. It also folds upon itself and is especially hairy. That means moisture can accumulate.  This article will help you identify common armpit rashes, what causes them, and how to treat or prevent them. Allergic Contact Dermatitis Allergic contact dermaitis in armpit. DermNet / CC BY-NC-ND Allergic contact dermatitis is a reaction that occurs when an allergy-triggering substance (allergen) comes into contact with the skin. It's a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. That means it doesn't happen right away. You can become hypersensitized to an array of substances that your immune system recognizes as foreign. It can take weeks before your first reaction. But then, when you come in contact with the trigger again, the rash...