Poliomyelitis Treatment

L ittle noticed among the plethora of writings about the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines, and other actual or potential drug therapies is the topic of liability prevention. When pharmaceutical makers are compelled to produce vaccines or other treatments to combat pandemics, they understandably may be reluctant to do so if it could result in billions of dollars of liability exposure. The law should provide clear protections for these innovating manufacturers now so we are better prepared for future pandemics and other health crises. It may seem to some like ancient history, but it was only 70 years ago that polio was at its peak ravaging the United States. Pioneering medical researchers such as Dr. Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin respectively developed a polio vaccine and oral vaccine pill, which together have effectively eradicated polio worldwide. Unfortunately, a very small percentage of people who took the vaccine pill, which incorporated a weakened polio virus, allegedly contracted ...

Pneumonia is a common but often severe respiratory infection. According to the American Thoracic Society, in the United States alone, around 1 million adults are hospitalized with pneumonia every year, and around 50,000 adults die from it. Diabetes is a chronic condition with a range of symptoms to manage. It can also weaken your immune system and leave you at greater risk of serious infections such as pneumonia. High blood sugar levels caused by diabetes can also make it harder for your body to fight pneumonia once it develops. This can lead to more severe cases of pneumonia and increased complications, including organ damage, respiratory failure, and even death. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend that everyone over 2 years old with diabetes gets a pneumonia shot to reduce this risk. Learn more about the connection between diabetes and pneumonia. Adults with chronic conditions such as diabetes have an increased risk of developing pneumonia. This is becaus...

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Image: Shutterstock Summers can be brutal, especially the heat and humidity it brings along. If you are one of those people who live by the beautiful and calming seas, humidity is your well-known enemy. Even though we spend most of our time under the air conditioner, we often find ourselves drenched in sweat; multiple times a day. The one thing this outrageous season brings along is the various skin infections. One such skin infection is most commonly found in the Tinea versicolor. 1. What is Tinea versicolor Infection? 2. Causes 3. Symptoms 4. Diagnosis 5. Treatment 6. Prevention 7. Natural Remedies 8. FAQ What is Tinea versicolor Infection? Image: Shutterstock Tinea versicolor is a common fungal infection that affects the skin. The fungus disrupts the skin's pigmentation which results in small, discolored patches. The fungus called Malassezia is a type of yeast that...

Pitted keratolysis is a bacterial infection of the skin that affects the soles of the feet or the palms of the hands. People with physical jobs that require them to wear enclosed footwear for extended periods, such as those working as farmers or soldiers, may be more likely to develop the infection because bacteria thrive in dark, moist conditions. In this article, learn more about pitted keratolysis, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment. Share on Pinterest Pitted keratolysis can affect both the feet and hands. Image credit: Evan Saap, 2016 Pitted keratolysis is a bacterial infection of the skin. It can affect the palms of the hands and, more commonly, the soles of the feet, particularly the weight-bearing areas. This infection causes small depressions, or pits, in the top layer of the skin. It can also lead to a bad smell. Pitted keratolysis usually affects people who wear enclosed warm footwear for long periods, including soldiers, sailors, and athletes. It also tends to be ...

Shingles is an uncomfortable common condition that causes a characteristic rash, among other symptoms. Some studies suggest a link between COVID-19 vaccines and reactivation of the virus that causes shingles. While evidence suggests this could be possible, it is at the very least uncommon. Shingles is a fairly common condition that may affect roughly 20–30% of people in their lifetime, with the risk of developing shingles increasing with age . It occurs following the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Usually, a person will only develop shingles once in their life, but shingles can reactivate several times in some people. Several case reports note people experiencing a shingles flare-up after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. While evidence cannot attribute the flares to the vaccine, it may be possible that the immune response to the vaccine might trigger a flare. Some studies suggest this may not be an adverse event and just a coincidence. However, more research is still n...

Peter Salgo, MD: Let's keep discussing safety. What does the evidence suggest about the safety and efficacy of the booster shots across the various manufacturers? Donald, is there any difference? Donald Alcendor, PhD: When you look at the second shot or the first shot of the Johnson & Johnson, side effects that might occur are side effects that are very similar to the initial doses. They don't see anything that's dramatically added in terms of side effects. However, this is from person to person and can change from one individual to another. Again, a person could experience a severe adverse event with any of these vaccines. Peter Salgo, MD: One of the things that was clear to me is that when there wasn't a lot of media attention on any vaccination program, the number of people who had severe side effects was calculated, documented, and we went forward. If it was more than what we thought was reasonable, things changed. Here, the instant there's an adverse ...

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in wild birds is a major emerging disease, and a cause of increased mortality during outbreaks. The Common buzzard ( Buteo buteo ) has a considerable chance of acquiring the infection and therefore may function as bio-sentinel for the presence of virus in wildlife. This study aimed to determine the virus distribution and associated pathological changes in the tissues of Common buzzards that died with HPAI H5 virus infection during the 2020–2021 epizootic. Eleven freshly dead, HPAI H5 virus-positive Common buzzards were necropsied. Based on RT-PCR, all birds were systemically infected with HPAI H5N8 virus, as viral RNA was detected in cloacal and pharyngeal swabs and in all 10 selected tissues of the birds, with mean Ct values per tissue ranging from 22 for heart to 32 for jejunum. Based on histology and immunohistochemistry, the most common virus-associated pathological changes were necrotizing encephalitis (9/11 birds) and necrotizing ...