Tetanus: Symptoms, causes, and treatments
Fever With A Rash In A Child: Types And When To See A Doctor
Numerous conditions can cause fever and a rash in children. They include:
Fifth diseaseA virus called parvovirus B19 causes a common childhood infection called fifth disease. Doctors may also call it "slapped cheek" disease because the rash often causes a red or darker patch on the cheek. The medical term is erythema infectiosum.
The infection typically begins about 2 weeks after exposure to the virus. Symptoms may include:
Usually, the rash comes after the fever resolves, not at the same time.
Fifth disease often clears on its own. It can sometimes cause complications, such as anemia, but these are rare. The condition is contagious for as long as the child has a fever. Once the rash begins, they are no longer contagious.
RoseolaA type of virus in the herpesvirus family causes roseola infantum, producing a rash that presents as small flat spots or tiny bumps. A halo of slightly lighter or paler skin may surround some of the bumps.
The rash often starts on the trunk and may spread to the face or extremities. Other symptoms may include:
The fever and rash rarely occur at the same time. Instead, the roseola rash typically appears soon after the fever disappears.
Roseola typically goes away on its own within a few days, and there is no specific treatment.
ChickenpoxA virus called varicella-zoster causes chickenpox. Most children now get the chickenpox vaccine, which is very effective, but some will still get the virus. Children who get chickenpox after having had the vaccine tend to experience a more mild form of the illness.
Chickenpox may begin with a fever. The rash tends to appear within a day or two, presenting as many tiny, fluid filled blisters all over the body. The blisters itch and may crack open and bleed. Other symptoms can include:
Most people get better in about a week, and can relieve symptoms with home remedies. However, children with serious medical conditions or a weakened immune system may get very sick.
Scarlet feverScarlet fever occurs due to a group A Streptococcus infection, such as strep throat. Strep is a bacterial infection, and people usually get sick within a few days of infection.
A scarlet fever rash may start at the chest, neck, or groin. It may spread to other body parts, or may cover the whole body.
If a child has a sore throat and a rash, or they get a rash after a sore throat goes away, they may have scarlet fever. Most kids also get a fever and may have flushed-looking cheeks.
Antibiotics can treat scarlet fever. However, in some children, the infection becomes very severe. For this reason, if the child is not better in a few days, it is important to speak to a doctor.
Hand, foot, and mouth diseaseHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) can occur at any age, but commonly affects babies and children under 5 years old.
Children usually get a fever and flu-like symptoms, such as aches and pains. Within a few days, they develop sores around their mouth and on their hands or feet.
The virus that causes HFMD is highly contagious and may spread to parents or caregivers. In most children, symptoms are mild and go away within 7–10 days.
MeningococcemiaMeningococcemia is a rare but dangerous blood infection. Bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis, also known as meningococcus, cause the infection.
Meningococcal disease is most common in children under the age of 1 year. Early symptoms include:
Occasionally, tiny red, purple, or brown dots called petechiae can appear on the skin at the same time. More often, at a later stage, a dark rash will appear.
Meningococcemia is dangerous and can cause severe complications, such as septic shock. Immediate medical treatment with antibiotics is essential.
Anyone who suspects that they or a child has a meningococcal infection should seek medical attention right away.
CellulitisCellulitis is a serious bacterial skin infection that affects the deeper layers of the skin. It usually appears following an injury to the skin, such as a sting, bite, or wound. However, some people get cellulitis even when they do not have a visible skin injury.
Cellulitis causes very tender skin around the area of the injury. The skin is usually red or discolored and swollen. There may be streaks coming out of the rash, indicating that the infection is spreading.
Some people with cellulitis develop a fever. A fever with cellulitis may signal a severe infection, which warrants immediate medical care.
Antibiotics are almost always necessary to treat cellulitis.
Drug reactionSometimes, a rash warns of a drug reaction. If fever occurs alongside a drug rash, it often has a separate cause — for example, an underlying infection.
In rare cases, a child might develop a rash a few days after a fever, in reaction to a medication. A severe skin reaction called Stevens-Johnson syndrome can damage the skin and organs, and most children who get it must stay in the hospital.
When a rash and fever appear only after taking medication, this may be an emergency, so it is important to call a doctor.
Below are some common questions about a rash and fever in children.
What does an RSV rash look like?A rash is not a typical symptom of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Cold-like symptoms, such as a runny nose, coughing, sneezing, and a fever, are more likely.
A person should contact a doctor if an infant has RSV symptoms and develops a rash or fever, as this could indicate another problem.
What childhood illness causes a fever then a rash?Conditions that may cause a fever then a rash in children include fifth disease and roseola. Other conditions, such as chickenpox, can cause cause a fever before a rash.
What does a meningitis rash look like on a child?A meningitis rash may appear as small, red pinpricks that do not fade if a person pushes against the skin. With time, they may turn into purple or red blotches.
This rash may be harder to see on darker skin tones. People may find it easier to see the rash on areas such as the soles of the feet, palms of the hands, or inside the eyelids.
Is a fever with a rash an emergency?A fever and a rash in children is not always an emergency and may resolve with time. However, people should seek emergency care if the child has symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling, or streaks coming out of a rash.
What Causes A Rash On The Butt?
Butt rashes can be caused by irritation, infections, viruses, allergies, or other health conditions. Here are a few of the common causes of a rash on your buttocks:
Contact dermatitisContact dermatitis is a common type of rash. It appears when your skin comes into contact with a substance that causes irritation to the skin. Some contact dermatitis rashes appear immediately, but most take some time to appear.
There are two types: allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. Common symptoms of both can include:
Atopic dermatitis (eczema)Atopic dermatitis, which is generally known as eczema, is a chronic skin condition that causes itchy, dry skin.
Atopic dermatitis is the most common form of eczema and is often simply referred to as eczema. Eczema is most common in babies and children, but it can begin at any age.
Symptoms can include:
Heat rash is a common skin irritation that causes rash and stinging. Your skin may feel prickly or itchy, and small bumps may form. Heat rash occurs most often in hot, humid weather. Heat rash can also happen any time you sweat a lot.
Heat rash can appear red on lighter skin tones, and on darker skin tones, it may look like a series of gray or white spots.
When sweat gets trapped under your skin, it can clog up pores and cause small pimples to form. It typically occurs on parts of your body where skin rubs against skin, such as along your butt crack or inner thighs.
Genital herpesGenital herpes is a virus that can cause rash-like symptoms on your buttocks, anus, or thighs. Herpes can be transmitted through any type of sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, or anal contact.
Rash symptoms originate in the place where the infection entered your body but can spread when you scratch them. Symptoms can include:
Keratosis pilaris is caused by a buildup of keratin on the skin. Keratin is a protein that protects your skin from harmful irritants and infections.
In people with keratosis, keratin forms a plug that blocks the openings of hair follicles. This causes rough, sandpaper-like skin. Tiny red bumps may form on the buttocks, though they're typically painless.
ShinglesShingles is an infection caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox. After you have chickenpox, the inactive virus remains in your body for years and can reactivate in adulthood. It typically appears as a painful rash on one side of the body.
A shingles rash may include:
You may also experience fatigue, general feelings of malaise, and fever.
IntertrigoIntertrigo is a rash that forms in the folds of the skin. When skin rubs against skin, it causes friction and creates a warm, moist environment that's ideal for fungal and bacterial growth.
Intertrigo is common in the skin between the buttocks (butt crack), which can become very raw, itchy, and painful. It may appear red or reddish-brown, and in severe cases, the skin can crack, bleed, and produce a foul odor.
PsoriasisPsoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune skin condition. When you have psoriasis, your immune system mistakenly attacks your skin cells, causing them to grow rapidly and swell.
People with psoriasis may experience flare-ups in which the disease returns in between periods of remission when the disease temporarily recedes.
Psoriasis tends to appear pink or red on those with light or fair skin tones, and the scales can appear silvery white. On medium skin tones, it can appear salmon-colored with silvery-white scales. On darker skin tones, psoriasis may look violet, and the scales may look gray. Or it can also appear dark brown and be difficult to see.
Ringworm (jock itch)Ringworm is a fungal infection that can affect the skin of several different parts of the body.
It can affect people of all ages. Ringworm, which gets its name from the circular rash it produces on the skin, is often called jock itch or athlete's foot, depending on its location.
Symptoms include:
Lichen sclerosus is a skin condition that most often affects the genital and anal area but can affect other areas, too.
It's most common among people who are postmenopausal, but it can affect people of all ages and sexes.
Symptoms include:
People often mistake butt acne for regular acne. Pimples on your butt don't form in clogged pores like facial acne. Instead, they form in clogged hair follicles.
In people with folliculitis, hair follicles become infected after being irritated, usually by friction or shaving. If you notice small, painful pimples on your butt or groin, it may be a symptom of folliculitis. The bumps may contain bacteria.
Candida (yeast) skin infectionCandida is a fungus that frequently infects the skin, often in warm, moist areas such as the buttocks and groin. Candida is the most common cause of diaper rash in babies and adults.
People who have diabetes, obesity, or who are taking antibiotics are at an increased risk. Yeast infections of the skin can occur in people of all ages and sexes.
Symptoms include:
People who have difficulties with bladder and bowel control may develop butt rashes. This is particularly true of people who wear diapers, who are immobile, or who use a wheelchair for long periods of time.
Excess moisture between the buttocks and in the groin area provides an ideal environment for bacterial and fungal growth. Symptoms of incontinence-associated dermatitis can include:
Eczema that affects the buttocks is called perianal dermatitis. This is one of the most common conditions that affects the rectum.
What causes rashes on my buttocks?A rash on your buttocks may be caused by coming into contact with an irritant, allergen, or virus. For example, this may cause heat rash, contact dermatitis, and genital herpes. A rash may also be a symptom of an underlying health condition, such as eczema, psoriasis, and shingles.
How do you treat eczema on your buttocks?Treatment for eczema on your buttocks may include a combination of OTC and prescription medications. These may be given orally, topically, or by injection. Some medications may include antifungals, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, antifungals, and immunomodulators. A healthcare professional can help develop the best treatment plan for you.
What is a dry rough patch of skin on the buttocks?A dry, rough patch of skin on your buttocks may be a sign of eczema, contact dermatitis, or psoriasis.
Meningitis Symptoms: Red Flag Warning Signs Of Deadly Infection As It Can Be Mistaken For A Cold
Meningitis can be fatal - and requires immediate medical attention. However, experts say a rash that's still visible when glass is rolled across is not the only symptom you should be looking out for
Meningitis needs to be treated immediately - so it's important to know which symptoms to look out for (Stock photo) (Image: Getty Images/iStockphoto)
Meningitis occurs when the lining around your brain and spinal cord (meninges) becomes inflamed.
It can be fatal if not treated quickly, and can result in life-threatening issues such as blood poisoning (septicaemia) and permanent damage to the brain or nerves. The illness can be spread through sneezing, coughing and kissing - and is usually passed on by people carrying the virus in their nose or throat but aren't ill themselves.
While meningitis can affect people of all ages - it is most common in babies, young children, teens, and young adults. Most people associated the illness with a rash that does not fade when a glass is rolled across it. However, this symptom does not always present itself. In fact, many of the early warning signs of the condition could easily be mistaken for a common cold.
The Meningitis Research Foundation makes it very clear: meningitis and septicaemia can kill in hours. Therefore, it has categorised different symptoms using a traffic light system.
If your child is experiencing red symptoms, the organisation says you should go to the hospital or call an ambulance immediately. These include:
Gloucestershire Live reports that while not all of the red symptoms are signs of meningitis or septicaemia, they're still a warning of 'severe illness'. You can read the full list of amber symptoms here. These are categorised as 'medium risk' and still require seeking medical advice from a professional, such as ringing 111 in the UK.
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Those suffering with meningitis will undergo tests so doctors can identify whether it was caused by a viral or bacterial infection - as this will change how the illness is treated. Bacterial meningitis requires antibiotics and possible fluids being administered into a vein as well oxygen via a face mask.
Overall, around one in 10 cases of bacterial meningitis is fatal. To learn more about the illness, including which vaccinations may help protect against it, you can read the NHS' guide.
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